Processing of drinking water (Aqua)
1. Water coming from rivers or other springs into Pre-filter 5 micron. This tool is used to filter the existing particles up to 5 micron size.
(Pre-filter 5 micron)
2. From Pre-filter 5 Then enter into 1 micron filter to filter particles up to 1 micron (parasite)
(1 micron filter workflow process flow)
(1 micron filter tool)
3. Ozoneization: to remove bacteria
Drinking Water Treatment How To Ozone
Ozone was first discovered by C F Schonbein in 1840. The naming of ozone is derived from the Greek OZEIN which means smell or smell. Ozone is known as a gas that has no color. Soret in 1867 announced that ozone is a gas molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms.
Naturally ozone can be formed through ultraviolet radiation of sun rays. Chapman explained the natural ozone formation in 1930.
Where he explains that ultraviolet rays from the sun's rays are able to decipher the oxygen gas in the free air.
The oxygen molecule decomposes into two oxygen atoms, this process then known as photolysis. Then the oxygen atom naturally collides with the oxygen gas molecules that surround it, then ozone builds up. Ozone contained in the stratosphere layer that we know by the name of ozone layer (ozone layer) is the ozone that occurs from the natural process of photolysis.
This kind of process also occurs in the smog (smog) that we find in large cities filled with air pollution. NOx and hydrocarbon gases from motor vehicle exhaust fumes and various industrial activities, are sources of carriers of ozone formation.
In addition to natural processes, ozone can also be made by using equipment such as by electrical discharge method and radioactive rays. Ozone manufacture with 17.
Electrical discharge was first performed by Siemens in 1857 using the dielectric barrier discharge method.
The formation of ozone with electrical discharge is in principle very easy. This principle was explained by Devins in 1956. He explained that collisions of electrons generated by electrical discharges with oxygen molecules produce two oxygen atoms.
Furthermore, this oxygen atom naturally collides again with the oxygen molecules in the vicinity, then formed ozone. Today, the electrical discharge method is the most widely used method of ozone manufacture in various industrial activities.
Processing Process Phase
Stages of processing consists of several stages:
A. Neutralization by lime
B. Aeration with air pumping.
C. Coagulation with alum
D. Precipitation
E. Filtering
F. Ozonization
1. Water coming from rivers or other springs into Pre-filter 5 micron. This tool is used to filter the existing particles up to 5 micron size.
(Pre-filter 5 micron)
2. From Pre-filter 5 Then enter into 1 micron filter to filter particles up to 1 micron (parasite)
(1 micron filter workflow process flow)
(1 micron filter tool)
3. Ozoneization: to remove bacteria
Drinking Water Treatment How To Ozone
Ozone was first discovered by C F Schonbein in 1840. The naming of ozone is derived from the Greek OZEIN which means smell or smell. Ozone is known as a gas that has no color. Soret in 1867 announced that ozone is a gas molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms.
Naturally ozone can be formed through ultraviolet radiation of sun rays. Chapman explained the natural ozone formation in 1930.
Where he explains that ultraviolet rays from the sun's rays are able to decipher the oxygen gas in the free air.
The oxygen molecule decomposes into two oxygen atoms, this process then known as photolysis. Then the oxygen atom naturally collides with the oxygen gas molecules that surround it, then ozone builds up. Ozone contained in the stratosphere layer that we know by the name of ozone layer (ozone layer) is the ozone that occurs from the natural process of photolysis.
This kind of process also occurs in the smog (smog) that we find in large cities filled with air pollution. NOx and hydrocarbon gases from motor vehicle exhaust fumes and various industrial activities, are sources of carriers of ozone formation.
In addition to natural processes, ozone can also be made by using equipment such as by electrical discharge method and radioactive rays. Ozone manufacture with 17.
Electrical discharge was first performed by Siemens in 1857 using the dielectric barrier discharge method.
The formation of ozone with electrical discharge is in principle very easy. This principle was explained by Devins in 1956. He explained that collisions of electrons generated by electrical discharges with oxygen molecules produce two oxygen atoms.
Furthermore, this oxygen atom naturally collides again with the oxygen molecules in the vicinity, then formed ozone. Today, the electrical discharge method is the most widely used method of ozone manufacture in various industrial activities.
Processing Process Phase
Stages of processing consists of several stages:
A. Neutralization by lime
B. Aeration with air pumping.
C. Coagulation with alum
D. Precipitation
E. Filtering
F. Ozonization
Drinking water treatment scheme ozonation method 18
A. Neutralization
What is meant by neutralization is to regulate the acidity of water to be neutral (pH 7-8). For acidic water it is chalked. Lime function in addition to neutralize acidic raw water also to help the effectiveness of the next process.
B. Aeration
What is meant by aeration is to contact the air with raw water so that the content of iron and manganese present in the raw water reacts with the oxygen present in the air to form iron compounds and manganese compounds that can be precipitated. Besides, the aeration process also serves to remove unwanted toxic gases such as H2S, CH4, CO2 and other toxic gases.
C. Coagulation
Coagulation is the process of adding chemicals into the water so that the impurities in the water in the form of suspended solids, for example organic dyes, fine mud, bacteria and others can clot and quickly settle. In this coagulation process used alum. How to add alum can be done as follows that a number of alum dissolved in water then dipnasukkan into raw water then stirred quickly until evenly for about 2 rnenit. After that the speed of stirring is reduced in such a way that gurnpalan-gunipalan dirt formed due to the joining of suspended dirt present in the raw water. After that it is left for a while so that the dirt clot or called flok grows to be big and heavy and quickly settles.
D. Precipitation
After the coagulation process the water is silenced until the dirt clumps that occur settles all (+ 45-60 minutes). After the dirt settles the water will tarpak more clear. The precipitate collected in the bottom of the tank can be cleaned by opening the drain valve beneath the tank.
E. Filtering
In the precipitation process, not all dirt clumps can be precipitated completely. Clumps of dirt with a large size and weight will settle, while small and light clumps are still floating in the water. To get a really clear water should be done filtering process. Filtering is done by draining the water that the dirt has been deposited into a filter basin containing a sand filter.
F. Ozonization
The last stage is the ozonation process. The filtered water which has been sufficiently clear is diozonized to remove pathogenic bacteria and organic compounds so that the treated water can be directly consumed.
Gains and Weaknesses
Usability in ozonation technology is to remove pollutant microorganisms and pollutants of organic substances as well as this is not independent of the nature of ozone known to have a radical nature (easy to react with surrounding compounds) and has a potential oxidation of 2.07 V. Ozone with oxidation ability to kill various microorganisms Such as Escherichia coli bacteria, Salmonella enteriditis, and many other pathogenic bacteria. In addition, ozone can also describe a wide range of toxic organic compounds contained in water, such as benzene, atrazine, dioxins and various organic dyes. Other advantages of ozone use are pipes, equipment, and packaging will be sanitized so that the resulting product will be guaranteed as long as there is no leakage in the packaging. Ozone is an effective water sanitation material in addition to being very safe.
However, ozonation methods have weaknesses such as ozone can poison humans even to bring on death if inhaled with a concentration of 50 ppm for approximately 1 hour. The concentration limit of ozone gas usage in various industrial activities is 0.1 ppm, while the ozone level in water up to 0.05 ppm does not harm the human body. Ozone, an active species that has this radical nature, requires special attention in its storage. 100 percent ozone at room temperature is explosive. Ozone will be safely stored at temperatures below -1830C with ozone levels in ozone and oxygen mixtures below 30 percent. Now ozone is mostly stored in ozonized-water or ozonized ice.
4. Taking hourly samples from steps 9,10 and 11 to measure the PH balance,
Cleanliness, clarity and mineral balance.
5. Conduct a Coliform test on a water source every day
6. Perform a weekly Coliform test on the final product
7. Conduct a thorough chemical and physical examination every month on the final product.
8. Conduct yearly checks for heavy metals in the final product.
9. In case of hourly checks for Ozone, pH, hygiene and clarity. Water outside
Standard, the production line will be discontinued and the product will be issued
And will check whether the product is safe for consumption or not.
10. Operators use clothing made of 'parachute material' and gloves
Which is disinfected every 15 minutes.
11. Bottles and glasses are manufactured from plastic pallets to bottle and glass containers inside
The same factory and just before the bottle is filled with water, this minimizes
Human contact to ensure high degree of cleanliness.
12. All bottled water is checked to see if there are defects in the cap and protective layer
13. All materials used are checked and approved by BTC (Beverage Technology
Center) Danone
14. Technical support from bottling line by BTC (Beverage Technology Center) Danon
15. The entire process from source to final product is under strict supervision and
In accordance with good Manufacturing Standards despite Indonesia's rich source of springs, however
Not all of them deserve to be a source of raw materials for drinking water AQUA. Therefore for AQUA,
Working hard to find the best water source in Indonesia,
Play.
16. Two bottles of each production will be stored for 2 years and will be used as
Sample to record the quality.
17. After 2 years (when expiry) AQUA will check the stability of the product before
Throw it away
18. Each glass / bottle / gallon has an expired code and a printed production date,
So it can be tracked on year, month and date, time, location and production crew
19. Conduct regular monitoring and inspection of existing products in the market.
Process Water Treatment Simply
The impurities present in water generally consist of:
G. Big and small floating objects
H. Rough sand and mud
I. The fine mud is colloidal
J. Organism
K. Pathogenic microorganisms
L. Chemicals, etc.
Steps on water treatment simply:
I. Preliminary process
The preliminary process is intended to remove the rough objects and precipitate the crude sludge or sand in the preheat basin.
Ii. Coagulation and flocculation process
The coagulation process is intended to precipitate the fine mud of colloids and chemicals present in water. The fine mud of a negatively charged colloid will be difficult to settle even if it is left for some time. The way to precipitate fine sludge is to chemically neutralize its negative charge with positively charged ions, such as Al3 +, Fe3 +, Fe2 +, etc.
Iii. Deposition process
The mud that has been neutral (by shaking) with the ballast is made to become large blocks and easily settles. In this event, the chemicals present in the water will be deposited as well.
Iv. Filtering process
The fine sludge and the chemicals present in the water after settling are then filtered using sand to obtain clear water.
V. The process of sterilization
Clear water is disinfected, meaning to eradicate microorganisms and bacteria present in the water to keep the water sterile. Water is left in the container for approximately 24 hours for proper sterilization. Furthermore, water is distributed to consumers.
Any bacteria or microorganism in water will release CO2 in the respiratory process.
CaOCl2 + CO2 CaCO3 (s) + 2Cln
2Cln + H2O 2HCl + On
On will oxidize bacteria and microorganisms in water and water to become sterile. In order to precipitate fine sludge alums may be used such as: Al2 (SO4) 3, FeCl3.6H2O, Fe2 (SO4) 3, FeSO4, or alum (K2SO4.Al2 (SO4) 3).
Al2 (SO4) 3 (s) 2Al3 + (aq) + 3SO42- (aq)
Al3 + (aq) + 3H2O (l) Al (OH) 3 (s) + 3H + (aq)
H + will neutralize the negative mud loading and Al (OH) 3 serves as a weight to precipitate neutral smooth sludge.
Substances required:
A. 1mg / 1L CaCO3 powder water
B. Al2 (SO4) 3 1mg / 1L water
C. CaOCl2 3mg / 1L water
D. Charcoal to taste
Ways of working:
I. Water is separated first from mud and rough dirt
Ii. Into water is added Al2 (SO4) 3 solution of 1mg / L water
Iii. Shake tightly to make perfect mud loading, do it
About 10 minutes
Iv. Add CaCO3 powder (limestone) of 1mg / L water. Shake slowly agat
Flocculation and the mud settles. Take about 5 minutes
Vi. Add Ca (OCl) 2 or chlorine solution of 3mg / L water
Vii. Allow about 3 hours and strain with a sand filter and activated charcoal to pick up
Excessive Cl2.
Technology Current:
Reverse Osmosis System drinking water machine
(One skip treatment / mobile)
The reverse osmosis drinking water system is practically appropriately applied to a wide range of water needs such as: refill drinking water depots, employee drinking water, emergency drinking water systems, industrial needs, no compact space for small-scale AMDK systems tested For submission of SNI standard and others
Reverse Osmosis for Industry
Excellent product from hydro water purifier: Reverse Osmosis (RO) for industry is a type of hydro water purifier (water filter) for industrial-scale ready water. Water in the process through 5 stages of purification so that it can be directly drunk. In addition, RO can be used to produce high pure wáter for laboratory and other uses.